The London Trafalgar Square Christmas Tree: A Gift from Norway
Trafalgar Square is a focal point of London’s Christmas celebrations, and at its heart every December stands the famous Christmas tree, gifted annually by Norway. This enduring tradition, which began in 1947, is more than just a festive decoration—it’s a symbol of international friendship and gratitude.
But each year the tree faces some criticism, especially from those who expect a more elaborately decorated tree.
So let’s look at the background of this tradition and why it is often misunderstood.
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The History Behind the Tradition
The story of the Trafalgar Square Christmas tree begins during World War II.
Norway was invaded on 9th April 1940 by Germany, and Adolf Hitler demanded that King Haakon VII cease all resistance and name the leader of Norway’s fascist party as the new Prime Minister. King Haakon’s brother was King of Denmark at the time, which had surrendered to the Germans when Denmark was invaded just a few days earlier.
After discussing with his government, Haakon refused demands to install Hitler’s choice of Prime Minister, and announced his decision to the Norwegian people, confirming that Norway should resist Nazi occupation for as long as possible.
The King and members of the Norwegian government left the capital and took refuge in a town near the Swedish border. Germany took control of Norway fairly quickly, and neighbouring Sweden, although ostensibly a neutral country, confirmed that they would arrest and imprison Haakon should he enter the country.
On 7th June 1940, Haakon, members of his family and his government were evacuated on board a British Royal Navy ship, HMS Devonshire.
This action contributed to the loss of three other Royal Navy warships and 1519 sailors. HMS Devonshire had spotted two German warships nearby but was ordered not to risk the lives of the Norwegian passengers by notifying the warships or intervening in the attack on the other nearby Royal Navy ships.
Once they had arrived in London, King Haakon set up a government in exile, to continue encouraging the resistance efforts in Norway. The BBC broadcasted messages from the King to the people of Norway, boosting the morale of those attempting to resist Nazi occupation.
In gratitude for this support, the people of Oslo began gifting a Christmas tree to London each year, a tradition that has continued since 1947.
The tree, always a Norwegian spruce, serves as a symbol of peace and unity between the two nations. Its arrival and display in the heart of London is a reminder of the importance of international friendship, particularly during challenging times.
The Journey of the Tree
The journey of the Trafalgar Square Christmas tree is a yearly tradition that involves a significant amount of logistical challenges. The tree is carefully selected from forests near Oslo, often chosen years in advance for its height and symmetry. Typically, the tree is over 50 years old, standing around 20 metres tall.
A ceremonial felling takes place in Norway, attended by local dignitaries and sometimes British representatives. The event is accompanied by speeches, music, and a celebration of the bond between the two countries.
After it is felled, the tree embarks on its journey, travelling by land to a Norwegian port and then crossing the North Sea by ship. Once in the UK, it is transported to central London, where it is installed in Trafalgar Square.
The Unveiling and Lighting Ceremony
The lighting of the Trafalgar Square Christmas tree is typically held in early December. The ceremony is free and open to the public, drawing crowds who gather to celebrate the start of the festive season.
True to Norwegian tradition, the tree is decorated with simple vertical strings of white lights.
The lighting ceremony often includes speeches from the Mayor of Oslo and the Lord Mayor of Westminster, underscoring the ongoing friendship between the two nations. Carol singers and festive music add to the celebratory atmosphere.
The Symbolism and Criticism of the Tree
The Trafalgar Square Christmas tree represents more than festive cheer.
For Norway, it’s a way to express ongoing appreciation for the support Britain offered during World War II. For London, the tree is a reminder of resilience, unity, and the enduring power of international cooperation.
The simplicity of its decorations—white lights in vertical strands—is a nod to Norwegian traditions, reinforcing its authenticity and cultural significance.
Unfortunately, the extraordinary background of this annual tradition is sometimes lost on both visitors and locals. Other Christmas trees in public spaces around the capital are more elaborately decorated, and on the surface appear more impressive.
The simple, traditional decoration of this Norwegian gift is often criticised for being ‘boring’ compared to other trees. But anyone who knows the background of this tradition will understand that it has far more significance than any other public Christmas tree in London.
How to Enjoy the Trafalgar Square Christmas Tree
Visiting the tree is a quintessential London Christmas experience, and there are plenty of ways to make the most of it:
- Best times to visit: Early morning or late evening offers quieter moments, while evening visits let you enjoy the tree in all its illuminated glory.
- Carol singing: Throughout December, various choirs gather beneath the tree for public performances, raising funds for charities. These gatherings create a magical atmosphere.
- Nearby attractions: Combine your visit with a stop at the National Gallery, which offers free access to incredible works of art. Or, explore nearby Christmas markets for seasonal food and gifts.
- Festive walks: From Trafalgar Square, you can stroll along the Strand or head towards Covent Garden, both beautifully decorated during the season.
If you are looking for other things to do nearby in December, have a look at my guide to London in December.
The Tree’s Legacy and Environmental Responsibility
Once the Christmas season ends, the Trafalgar Square tree begins a new chapter. In recent years, sustainability has taken centre stage, with the tree being recycled—typically chipped into mulch for use in London parks. This process ensures the tradition remains environmentally responsible.
Additionally, Norway takes care to ensure the forests remain healthy, planting new trees to replace those felled. This thoughtful approach highlights the tradition’s focus on long-term stewardship and seasonal celebration.
The tree’s legacy is not just in its physical presence but also in the stories and memories it inspires. It reminds us of the power of shared traditions to bridge distances and generations, carrying a timeless message of peace and unity.
Final Thoughts
The Trafalgar Square Christmas tree is more than just a decoration—it’s an ongoing demonstration of gratitude, friendship, and festive spirit. From its careful selection in the forests of Norway to its majestic display in London, the journey of the tree reflects a bond that has stood strong for decades.
So next time you see any criticism or judgment of the tree, you’ll know why the simplicity of the decoration is far more meaningful than any elaborate, colourful lights and baubles.
If you’re in London during December, visiting the tree is a must. Whether you’re marvelling at its elegant lights, joining in with the carols, or simply soaking in the festive atmosphere, this tradition is a reminder of the connections that bring us together during the holidays.
For more ideas, check out my guide to the best Christmas activities in London.
✈️ Whether you’re into cities, countryside, or cosy pubs, you’ll find more UK travel ideas on my destination page.
